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The Spartans did not know what to do with the seemingly blank wax tablet, until Gorgo advised them to clear the wax off the tablet. In order to prevent the message from being intercepted by the Persians or their vassal states, the message was written on a wooden tablet and then covered with wax. According to Herodotus's Histories, Demaratus, then in exile at the Persian court, sent a warning to Sparta about Xerxes's pending invasion. Īrguably, Gorgo's most significant role occurred prior to the Persian invasion of 480 BC. That said, Gorgo did hold a certain amount of authority and influence in Spartan politics. The title of "queen" being used to describe Greek women wouldn't appear until the late Hellenistic period. Despite being the daughter and wife of Spartan kings, Gorgo herself could not be considered a queen, as royal women in Sparta did not typically hold a special role in society.
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By 490, she was apparently already married to her half-uncle Leonidas I. It is because of this physical and mental training that Plutarch attributes an anecdote to Gorgo in which a foreign woman notes that "You Spartan women are the only ones who rule their men." To which Gorgo replies, "Yes, we are the only ones that give birth to men." Marriage and reign Ī bust believed to depict King Leonidas I, Gorgo's husbandĪfter Cleomenes's death in 489 BC, Gorgo was left as his sole heiress. The academic curriculum of Spartan woman was notably at least equivalent, if not superior to that of Spartan males. She would also have received an education in the arts, including music, dance, and poetry.
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As an elite woman, she would have been taught how to read and write. In addition to her physical education, Gorgo would have been educated in academic matters as well. The belief was that if both parents were physically strong, their child would be as well. Gorgo would not only have been taught these sports, but also competed against her peers in various contests. As part of this curriculum, Gorgo would have learned sports such as running, discus and javelin throwing, and wrestling. Spartan women such as Gorgo were ultimately expected to produce strong Spartan offspring, and to that end partook in a physical education curriculum similar to their male peers. Cleomenes listened to his daughter’s advice, removed himself, and Aristagoras left Sparta without being heard any further. It is here that Gorgo, eight or nine years old at this point according to Herodotus, stepped in and told her father to leave lest Aristagoras’s bribes corrupt him. However, Aristagoras arrived at Cleomenes’s home that evening, now offering increasing bribes going as high as fifty talents of silver. When he learned that the journey to Asia would take three months by sea, however, Cleomenes turned down Aristagoras’s proposal and told him to leave Sparta, telling him that such a journey was out of the question for the Lacedaemonians. He cited the “disgrace” suffered by the Ionians in Anatolia and weaved further tales of the wealth and resources to be reaped from an empire as vast as Persia. The earliest anecdote of her life that he provides in The Histories comes when Aristagoras, seeking allies after the Ionian revolt, came to Sparta to try and convince Cleomenes to invade the Persian Empire.
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According to Herodotus, Gorgo was the only child of King Cleomenes I of Sparta.